Carol Gilligan is an American feminist, ethicist, and psychologist best known for her groundbreaking work in gender studies and moral development. She gained recognition for critiquing Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, highlighting the importance of relationships and care in ethical decision-making. Gilligan's research has greatly influenced the fields of psychology, gender studies, and ethics, sparking discussions on the unique moral voices of women and the impact of gender on moral reasoning.