Charles II was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685. He was the eldest surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Charles II's reign is known as the Restoration period, as it marked the return of the monarchy after the English Civil War and the Interregnum under Oliver Cromwell. His rule was characterized by efforts to maintain religious tolerance and political stability. Charles II's reign saw the Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of London, among other significant events.