Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, and political activist. He was one of the leading figures in existentialism, a philosophical movement that focuses on individual freedom and choice. Sartre's work often explored the themes of identity, freedom, and the nature of existence. He is best known for his philosophical treatise, 'Being and Nothingness,' and his plays such as 'No Exit' and 'The Flies.' Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964 but declined the honor.