Hermann Cohen (1842–1918) was a German-Jewish philosopher recognized as one of the leading figures of the Neo-Kantian school of thought. He made significant contributions to ethics, aesthetics, and the philosophy of religion. Cohen's most renowned work, 'Religion of Reason Out of the Sources of Judaism,' emphasized the importance of ethics and reason in religious belief, blending traditional Jewish teachings with modern philosophical ideas. His philosophical system aimed to address the tensions between reason and faith while promoting ethical conduct in society.