Ludwig Wittgenstein was an Austrian-British philosopher who made significant contributions to philosophy, logic, and the foundations of mathematics. Born in Vienna in 1889, he is best known for his influential works 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' and 'Philosophical Investigations'. Wittgenstein's ideas on language, meaning, and the nature of thought have had a profound impact on the fields of philosophy and cognitive science. His philosophical methods and rigorous analysis continue to influence contemporary philosophical discussions.